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God Is Everywhere: Spinoza, Nietzsche, and the Immanent Affirmation of Life

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Raphael ’s Nietzsche & Spinoza, Fresco. AI art “I am utterly amazed, utterly enchanted! I have a precursor, and what a precursor! I hardly knew Spinoza: that I should have turned to him just now, was inspired by ‘instinct.’ Not only is his overall tendency like mine—to make knowledge the most powerful affect—but in five main points of doctrine I recognize myself; this most unusual and loneliest thinker is closest to me precisely in these matters: he denies the freedom of the will, teleology, the moral world order, the unegoistic, and evil. Even though the divergences are admittedly tremendous, they are due more to the difference in time, culture, and science. In summa: my lonesomeness, which, as on very high mountains, often made it hard for me to breathe and made my blood rush out, is now at least a twosomeness.” ¹ Introduction When Nietzsche discovered his kinship with Spinoza, it was not merely a passing remark or a casual nod to influence. His exclamation signals the reco...

Justifying the World Aesthetically: Nietzsche's Anti-Moral Metaphysics in The Birth of Tragedy

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AN ATTEMPT AT SELF-CRITICISM. AI art Introduction Friedrich Nietzsche begins the appended Self-Criticism to The Birth of Tragedy with a deliberately ambiguous admission: "Whatever may lie at the bottom of this doubtful book must be a question of the first rank and attractiveness."¹ With this, Nietzsche marks a distance from his earlier work while simultaneously affirming its subterranean urgency. The "questionable book" is not to be taken as a final statement, but as an eruption of instinctive insight—one whose core remains vital even after years of philosophical development. At the heart of the book lies a radical claim: the existence of the world is justified only as an aesthetic phenomenon. This article explores that claim by tracing Nietzsche's confrontation with morality, his turn toward an artist-metaphysics, and his eventual embrace of the Dionysian as a counter-value to Christianity. Along the way, we shall see how The Birth of Tragedy prefigur...